Difference in Fore Limbs of Equines and Bovines.

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Forelimb:

         This term is majorly used in animals who walk on their four limbs. Hence, forelimbs refer to the front limb(in case of humans we often call them arms).

 

Major bones:

         Forelimb majorly consists of the following bones:

  • Scapula
  • Humerus
  • Radius
  • Ulna
  • Carpal bones
  • Metacarpal bones
  • Phalanges

           We will go through the SCAPULA in this article, other bones will be explained next.

 

1)Scapula

  •  It is also called "Shoulder bone". 
  • It is s flat, triangular bone that has two surfaces(lateral and medial) and three borders(cranial, caudal, and dorsal).
  • It also has three angles (cranial, caudal, and ventral).
  • There is a spine that divides the lateral side of the scapula into two unequal fossae i.e supraspinous and infraspinous. Also this spine form "Acromion process" at the distal end.
  • The medial surface represents a hollow area in the length called "Subscapular fossa" which is deep and rough.
  • The medial surface also posses "Serrated faces" on the dorsal part of the scapula.
  • The cranial border is thin and sharp and is convex dorsally and concave distally.
  • The caudal border is straight and thick proximally and slightly concave distally.
  • The nutrient foramen is usually located on the ventral third of the caudal border.
  • The dorsal border is a rough straight and bears a band of scapular cartilage.
  • The neck of the scapula is well defined and narrow.
  • The glenoid cavity is at the ventral angle and just slightly above from that is a supraglenoid tubercle, projecting from the medial side of the supraglenoid tubercle is a small coracoid process.

 

  The difference between Horse and Ox:

                 Horse                                    Ox

*Scapula is roughly triangular. *Scapula is regularly triangular.

*Acromian process is absent. *Acromian process is present.

*Tuberspine is present. *Tuberspine is absent.

*Glenoid notch is present. *Glenoid notch is absent.

*Serrated areas prominent. *Serrated areas less prominent.

*Subscapular fossa is deep. *Subscapular fossa is shallow.


 


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